Instant Solutions for Community Service Essay Topics or Ideas

Instant Solutions for Community Service Essay Topics or Ideas Your stories aren't debatable. You will also make new friends who go to the identical school as you. For instance, you can pick a topic for elementary, middle, or higher school. Sex education is quite sensitive topic. When you get your completed essay, be certain you tell all your friends what an excellent service it is and what's the perfect place to get cheap essays. Why every second person wants a dentist. To summarize, there are lots of approaches to alter the world for the better. Write about the very first time you learned that there are less fortunate individuals on the planet. In school, essay writing has been made to be part of our learning activity. In an issue of speaking, picking out persuasive essay topics is similar to telling yourself what you need to convey to the rest of the planet. All things considered, you can observe that writing a persuasive essay isn't a brain surgery. Perhaps, writing argumentative essays isn't that an effortless job. You are able to also cite the job on specific individuals or philanthropists, that are working with various methods than the ones that you proposed. Outgroup employees sometimes make an attempt to conform. After that, write brief statements of gratitude for each thing and that which you appreciate about doing it. When it has to do with writing an argumentative essay, the most significant point to do is to select a topic and an argument which you can really get behind. Some individuals live their lives depending on their religion while some don't think you should factor that into decision making in regards to determining rules for everybody. Essay writing is definitely thought to be part of academic life and essay writing demands certain abilities or the area of the writer. You first have to figure out the reason behind your essay, before you may write persuasive content about it. Researching the topic will permit you to find out more about what fascinates you, and should you pick something you truly like, writing the essay will be more enjoyable. Still, figuring out the very best topic for your essay isn't your only concern for a student. There are different ways of writing an essay but the fundamental structure stays the same. In that situation, the job of improving the world would come to be much simpler. An individual should always be ready to face all the situations and ought to learn how to remain safe whilst making their contribution to the society. Irrespective of how much you'll be taking that day, there are a few ways that can help you get through the essay with a minimal quantity of stress. Remember your essay is about solving problems, thus a solution ought to be a highlight of the essay. Identifying an issue and proposing one or more solutions ought to be a crucial aspect in your essay. If you wish to concentrate on a particular issue, you will be at fault for doing research on topics that you must find out more about. State issue and explain why a solution has to be figured out. Essay plans can be useful in reminding you of important points that may be used to cover in your essay. Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. Persuasive essay is also called the argument essay. Informative essays are somewhat more descriptive. In order to be a member, your high school has to have an NHS chapter. You don't need to find super technical with legal argumentative essays, but be certain to do your homework on what the recent laws about your favorite topic actually say. So far as essay structure goes, a 4 or 5 paragraph essay based on the number of points you are going to want to argue is a great start. You may fill in details and modify the sentence structure after you're clear of what you will need to say.

Study On What A Mortgage Loan Is - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2113 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Essay any type Did you like this example? Mortgage Loan is a type of loan that is secured by real estate or personal property through the use of a mortgage note. Mortgage loan is an agreement to payback with interest in something during the due date. According to Anglo-American property law, a mortgage occurs when an owner pledges his interest as security or collateral for a loan. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Study On What A Mortgage Loan Is" essay for you Create order Furthermore, there are two types of mortgages loans which are conventional and jumbo. Beside this, a mortgage also known as it was a conveyance for land that on its face was absolute and conveyed a fee simple estate, but which was in fact conditional, and would be of no effect if certain conditions were not met. The mortgage debt remained in effect whether or not the land could successfully produce enough income to repay the debt. In theory, a mortgage required no further steps to be taken by the creditor, such as acceptance of crops and livestock, for repayment. Mortgage loans are generally structured as long-term loans, the periodic payments for which are similar to an annuity and calculated according to the time value of money formulae. The most basic arrangement would require a fixed monthly payment over a period of ten to thirty years, depending on local conditions. Over this period the principal component of the loan (the original loan) would be slowly paid down through a mortization. In practice, many variants are possible and common worldwide and within each country. Background Research Nobody can say for certain where the history of mortgage loans began, but the history of mortgage loan can be documented at least several thousand years back. No matter how many years old this system is, the basics have never changed. The world à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"mortgageà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"mortà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is from the Latin word with the meaning of death and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"gageà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is from the sense of that word which means a pledge to forfeit something of value if a debt is not repaid. During the early 1990s mortgages moved from Europe to settle in America as land ownership increased. However, World War II changed the mortgage scene dramatically. It coming home and entering the workforce. A lot of people become avid consumers as the economy boomed so the demand for mortgages occurred. Nowadays, Mortgage has become a part of our lives as it is something we wouldn`t think about as far as their origin. The purpose of providing mortgage loan i s to help customers or public to buy their ownership. For example, people mortgage a loan to buy house, car and so on. Literature Review According to John Daniel (Nov 2006), different country might have different mortgage market due to tax as different tax rules have a significant implication for customer, fixed-rate mortgage long term period, variable-rate mortgage rates set by lender, ratio of fixed-rate to variable-rate mortgages as FRMs and VRMs can show significantly different prepayment behaviour patters., partial prepayments subprime or low-document loans, and composition of Mortgage-backed securities. Lisa Schreiber (Sept 2009) says, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“We focus on managing risk. It`s a very important component of our philosophy. There are many types of mortgages used globally, but several factors broadly define the characteristics of the mortgage. All of these may be subject to local regulation and legal requirements. First and foremost, a mortgage loan typically consists of conventional mortgage loan and jumbo mortgage loan. Conventional mortgage loan is a mortgage in which the interest rate does not cha nges. Conventional mortgage loan also called as Fixed-Rate Mortgage (FRM). Fixed Rate Mortgages, the interest rate and monthly payment, remains fixed for the term of loan. This category of loan has a comparatively low rate of interest. According to Jrl Fut Mark (Oct, 2008), the value of FRMs depends on interest rates, the house value, and mortgage maturity. Nevertheless, only a few people choose for this type of mortgage loans in Malaysia. This is because conventional mortgage becomes unpredictable after the fixed rate gets over on the mortgage loan with a regular period of time. In general, the longer the term of your mortgage loan, the larger the premium between a fixed and adjustable rate mortgage. Jumbo mortgage is a loan amount exceeding the conforming loan limits. It is a loan that does not conform to maximum limits. Lenders take a large risk in lending Jumbo mortgage. Lenders ask for high down payment for Jumbo mortgage because it will be harder to resell the property if i t is on a luxury property defaults. Nowadays, housing prices are increased and it bring the jumbo mortgage trends to a higher stage. The limited availability of it is slowing down the recovery housing market. Buyer who would normally qualify for jumbo mortgage is more likely to treat them as high risk. Adjustable Rate Mortgages, the interest rate is fixed for a period of time, after which it will periodically adjust up or down to some market index. Adjustable rates transfer part of the interest rate risk from the lender to the borrower, and thus are widely used where unpredictable interest rates make fixed rate loans difficult to obtain. Since the risk is transferred, lenders will usually make the initial interest rate of the ARMs note anywhere from 0.5% to 2% lower than the average 30-year fixed rate. In most scenarios, the savings from an ARM outweigh its risks, making them an attractive option for people who are planning to keep a mortgage for ten years or less. Mortgage Loan Application Process 1. Check current Interest rates @ review Credit report 2. Filling out the 4. Mortgage approval Mortgage application with conditions 3. Provides mortgage Documents Four steps of application of mortgage loan à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"To get a mortgage now, you better walk on water,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? says San Diego mortgage broker Victoria Johnson. (Nov 2000) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"If you are down on one of those, you don`t want to be down on the other two,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? says McClung. (Aug 2008) These shows that, as a customer we need to choose what mortgage loan that we need and how to choose the mortgage correctly. Below are the steps that we need to do when we are applying for a loan. Before applying for a loan, customer should check the current interest rates, review his or her credit report then begin to shop for a lender. When comparing lenders, customer should consider such factors as lock-in policies, fees and loan options. In general, the interest rates will change time to time or it changes between the time when the customer start the mortgage application and the time when it is approved. Nevertheless, it is wise to compare the rate who offers by different lenders before customer apply for his or her mortgage. Second, customer will need to fill out the mortgage application after he or she has chosen a mortgage lender. Be sure to complete the application honestly and completely because it could seriously hurt his or her chances of getting the mortgage if customer inadvertently put false information on the application. If customer is disavowed a mortgage due to a falsified application, he or she might lose the down payment that it has paid. So take your time to filling out the application accurately. Third, customer will be required to provide a series of documents to the mortgage lender during the mortgage loan application process. Be preparing the original document as well and be sure to have a copy of each document for your own records when apply for a mortgage. Forth, mortgage approval comes with certain conditions. These conditions may include a satisfactory appraisal, termite inspection, and so on. Ask the lender aggressive on time and what conditions and requirements you need to meet. If anything that is significant changes during the mortgage application process, please tell the lender as soon as possible because on closing day, customer will be certifying that no significant changes have occurred. If the customer did not do this action it will be assumed as cheating and the customer might lose the down payment that it has paid. Mortgage Loan Calculation Assumed that a customer loaned a bank $1,000,000 at a 5% interest rate and it is compounded annually, the bank would pay customer $50,000 per year. So why cant the customer get a $1,000,000 mortgage and pay the bank $55,000 a year, let them earn a 10% profit? This is because the traditional mortgage is designed so customer will end up owning the house when the mortgage is paid off. The example above would apply to an interest only mortgage, where customers are renting the house only from the bank. After 30 years, there will be zero equity. Its the reverse of your loaning $1,000,000 to the bank and earning $50,000 per year in interest. Actually, the bank is renting the principal from customer, the same way customer rent a house from the bank with an interest only mortgage. Now, letà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s say customer agreed to loan the bank $1,000,000 for 10 years, with the interest being compounded onto the principal annually. Using simple interest compounded annually, the situat ion would look like this Year Principal Interest One 1,000,000 50,000 Two 1,050,000 52,500 Three 1,100,250 55125 Four 1,157,625 57881.25 Five 1,215,506.25 60,775.31 Six 1,276,281,56 63,814.08 Seven 1,340,095.65 67,004.78 Eight 1,407100.42 70,355.02 Nine 1,477,455.44 73,872.77 Ten 1,551,328.22 77,566.41 After 10 years, the principal has grown by over 50%, from $1,000,000 to $1,551,328.22. The amount of interest that customer are earning every year has also grown over 50%, even though the interest rate is fixed, at 5% compounded annually. In order to illustrate the effect compound interest has on mortgage payments. With mortgages, we want to find the monthly payment required to totally pay down a borrowed principal over the course a number of payments. The standard mortgage formula is: M = P [ i(1 + i)n ] / [ (1 + i)n 1] M is the monthly payment. i = r/12. This formula can be express in many different ways, but this one has avoids negative exponentials which confuse some calculators. For $1,000,000 mortgage at 5% compounded monthly for 15 years. We would first solve for i as i = 0.05 / 12 = 0.004167 and n as 12 x 15 = 180 monthly payments Next we would solve for (1 + i)n = (1.004167)180= 2.11383 Now our formula reads M = P [ i(2.11383)] / [ 2.11383- 1] which simplifies to M = P [.004167 x 2.11383] / 1.11383 or M = $1,000,000 x 0.00790 = $7,908.15 Now, one important feature of the mortgage formula is that its the principal is multiplied last, meaning that we can develop a table of mortgage rate multipliers for any fixed time period that will yield a monthly payment simply by multiplying the principal borrowed. Calculation of how much interest customer had pay the bank over the course of the mortgage, just multiply the amount of the monthly payment by the number of pa yments and subtract the principal: ($791.81 x 180) $100,000 = $142,525.80 $100,000 = $42,525.80 The only bright side to paying the bank all of that interest is that in most cases, its deductible on the Federal income tax in the in the years that its paid. The savings to customer depends on what tax bracket are customer in. If customer are only in the 10% tax bracket to start with, he or she will only getting a 10% discount on the taxes for carrying a mortgage. If he or she in the 25% tax bracket, he or she are getting a 25% discount. Conclusion As a conclusion, normally customer mortgages a loan is to purchase a house, car or equipment. Mortgage loan is subdivided into two primary types which are fixed rate and variable rate. A fixed-rate mortgage is a loan that charges a fixed set of rate throughout the life-long of the loan. It allows purchasers to spread out the cost of an expensive purchase which enables them to make a smaller, predictable payment over a long period of time. A variable-rate mortgage is a loan which rates of interest does not stay the same all the time. The monthly payment will change with the changes of the rate of interest. For example, an increase in the rate of interest will cause the monthly payment to move higher and vice-versa. Apart from these, Variable-rates loan have lower initial interest rates compared to fixed-rates loan which results in a lower monthly mortgage payments. With variable-rates loan, more buyers are able to afford more expensive homes than they would be able to purchase wi th a fixed-rate mortgage. A monthly mortgage payment will consists of a series of components comprising of principal, interest, taxes and insurances. Besides the money required covering the mortgage loan, obtaining a mortgage requires an amount of related money to cover the down payment and closing costs. The amortization schedule that shows the true cost of purchasing a home, including the amount of interest paid is often neglected. A solid  credit-rating and a mortgage  pre-approval will both be beneficial when you are shopping for a home. A mortgage pre-approval shows whether a buyer is able to make purchases. There are many types of loans and potential lenders out there. It is advisable that we search thoroughly for the best loans that suit our budget and lifestyle.

Swot Analysis Asset Pricing - 1818 Words

Introduction: Asset pricing takes a vital role in the literature of finance. It forms a cornerstone for participants trying to manifest intrinsic/predicted values/prices for assets. Since 1965, when Sharpe introduced his CAPM formula, the field of asset pricing had shifted to a new paradigm. The model of Sharpe suggested that market beta as a variable is sufficient to explain stock returns. Sharpe’s work was preceded by Markowitz (1959) portfolio theory, where the lack of computer power at that time makes the calculations of huge set of covariance between stocks an inflexible approach. From this perspective, accompanied with simple and strong theoretical grounds, the CAPM gained high credit. A number of studies had provided support to the CAPM at the beginning (see King 1966, Brennan 1970, Levy 1997). However, a couple of method flaws were apparent with regard to the CAPM. First, the dependency on equity market indices as a proxy for market return. And here is where Roll (1976) argued that CAPM would not hold unless broad categories of assets are considered in the proxy. Roll’s argument implies misleading risk measurements for money managers if they apply that particular market beta. Second, the unrealistic assumption of one time period horizon of the investments decision was a critical issue. Thereafter, a major development arises when Merton (1973) relaxed that assumption by inventing the Intertemporal CAPM (ICAPM), which allows for changing portfolio componentsShow MoreRelatedSwot Analysis1077 Words   |  5 PagesSWOT Analysis The SWOT analysis is very important especially in the hotel industry. When it comes to tourism, the hotel industry is very important. In fact, it is a supporting service that affects the presence of tourists in a certain place. The SWOT analysis is vital to determine if the industry is helping in the achievement of tourism goals. SWOT analysis is a tool for auditing an organization and its environment. 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Assets + Liabilities = Owners Equity 4. Nearly a week before Hurricane Katrina reached New Orleans, Wal-Mart began moving trucks and supplies into position, as specified in the company s ________ plan.

City Of Aurora, Its Immigrant Population, And Police...

Results Background: City of Aurora, Its Immigrant Population, and Police Department The City of Aurora is a Home Rule Municipality in Colorado sitting on Adams, Arapahoe, and Douglas County. Aurora is the third largest city in Colorado with the population of 325,078 at the time of the 2010 Census (City of Aurora, 2012). It is the second largest city behind Denver in the Denver-Aurora-Broomfield Metropolitan Statistical Area (City of Aurora, 2012). The Foreign born population in Colorado notably increased in the 1990s (Lee, Wismann-Horther Downs-Karkos, n.d.). Particularly in the metro area including Aurora, the foreign born population increased between 1980 and 2006, making it emerged as one of the 21st century immigrant gateways in the United States (Singer, Hardwick Brettel, 2008). The foreign-born population (percent in total) increased from 65,363 (4.5%) in 1980, to 311,174 (12.9%) in 2006. There was a net increase of 16,406 from 1980 to 1990, another large add-up of 152,352 from 1990 to 2000, and another increase of 77,053 from 2000 to 2006 (Singer et al., 2008). As of 2013, the City of Aurora has 67,969 (20.4%) foreign born population out of the total population of 332,820 (US Census 2009-2013 American Survey 5-Year Estimates, See Table 4 in Appendix 2). The foreign born population comprises of 21,254 naturalized citizens and 46,715 non-US citizens. The racial composition of the foreign-born population includes 49.2% white, 13.6% black, 1.3% American Indian andShow MoreRelatedRace And Crime Of The Criminal Justice System6937 Words   |  28 Pagesawarded their fair trial and lesser sentences for the crimes they commit especially compared to the other minority races. In earlier years, the criminal justice system was made up of only white people, white males to be more specific. The judges, police officers, sheriffs, most lawyers were mostly white males. From the criminal justice system coming from an all-white cast to now where people of every race are prospering we can clearly see where the bias in the criminal justice system comes fromR ead MoreHate Crime And Mass Shootings Essay4636 Words   |  19 Pagesthe unlawful or threatened use of force or violence by an individual or group based and operating entirely within the U.S or States without foreign direction committed against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof in furtherance of political or social objectives. (18.U.S.C.  § 2331(5)). Consequently, both domestic and international terrorist organizations have threatened American citizens within the borders of the U.S. over the pastRead MoreNursing Essay41677 Words   |  167 PagesOfficer, American Geriatrics Society, New York, NY C. Martin Harris, Chief Information Officer, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH Anjli Aurora Hinman, Alumni Chair, Health Students Taking Action Together, Duluth, GA William D. Novelli, Distinguished Professor, McDonough School of Business, Georgetown University, Washington, DC Liana Orsolini-Hain, Nursing Instructor, City College of San Francisco, CA Yolanda Partida, Director, National Center, Hablamos Juntos, UCSF Fresno Center for Medical EducationRead MoreEssay on Fall of Asclepius95354 Words   |  382 Pagesscreen television, which played the news on the CBC, that hung on the wall. Thomas never knew why the school played the news on the television screens. No one watched the news but him. There was strange news about disease outbreaks in different cities around the world and riots that started without being provoked. This news was a commonly covered topic in the news for the last couple months. The stations reported it but they did not explain the origin of the disease, whether it was swine flu or

My Writing, Peer Editing, And Analyzing Readings - 899 Words

Throughout the English 101 course, I believe I have thoroughly improved in my writing, peer editing, and analyzing readings, along with annotating my thoughts, misunderstandings, and difficulties. I believe I have especially improved on my thesis statements, providing the basis for my essays. My thesis statements have went from being plain and uninteresting to being more detailed, clear, and concise. This enabled me to produced better written essays that are rich in detail, rhetorical statements, evidence, and experiences. I feel as if I came into this course not exactly sure how to write a college paper. I was always more focused on the length of my essays rather than the structure, vocabulary, and ideas my papers were exhibiting. My writing now flows better and presents my ideas in a clear, organized fashion. With an improvement in writing, there also comes an improvement in reading. The first reading assigned to us, â€Å"The Banking Concept of Education† by Paulo Freire, w as one of the more difficult pieces of writing I had been asked to analyze throughout my career as a student. This course has provided me with the resources and skills to break apart readings piece by piece and understand them as well as apply them to my own life. I slowly became a better reader, finally realizing the use of annotations and the importance of re-reading texts until you can understand them. A better understanding of the readings gave me the ability to produce essays that are well developedShow MoreRelatedTeaching Philosopy: How to Mark a Book by Mortimer Adler853 Words   |  4 Pagesrelationship between reading and writing. One skill reinforces the other. Competent readers make competent writers. The challenge is universal: How do we transition students from high school to college English? 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Anti Corruption Law - 1649 Words

Company Law Cons Even though the Hong Kong Bribery Law acts effectively in anti-corruption compared to the mainland bribery law, there are still some loopholes, especially when compared to the UK Bribery Act and the US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Similar to the effectives of the Bribery Law, the defects of the HK bribery law also covers equality, enforceability, recourse efficiency and law as a reflection of community standards and expectation four aspects, and each will be discussed with relevant cases. 1. Equality 2.1 Foreign bribes With the prevalence of overseas corruption, most of the countries have set specific regulation against foreign bribes. For example, both the UK Bribery Act and the US Foreign†¦show more content†¦However, under the US bribery law system, there is specific ordinance regulated that the President should publicly disclose personal financial information, including personal gifts over $ 350 which have been received by him and his immediate family. And the public disclosure reports are required each May 15th. It can be seen that Hong Kong is substantially lagging behind on rules about supervising activities of the Chief Executive. What should also be noticed is that this case is still in process since the investigation started in 2012 because of the grey area and loopholes in the Hong Kong Bribery Law. 2. Enforceability When it comes to the enforcement of the Bribery Law, the enforce agent, Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) plays a very important and positive role in the Hong Kong anti bribery history. However, with the recent development, some issues have been raised concerning the effectiveness of ICAC. 3.3 Invading privacy and violating legal professional privilege According to Mr Young, in the case Leung Kwok Hung v. Chief Executive, it was held that the chief executive exercised statutory power to intercept private telecommunications violated the constitutional principle of law certainty and other forms of covert surveillance had no legal basis. Moreover, the Commission of Interception of Communications and Surveillance revealed that in manyShow MoreRelatedEssay on Loving v. Virginia (388 U.S. 1)2059 Words   |  9 Pagesfound guilty in violation of the states anti-miscegenation statute. Mr. and Mrs. Loving were residents of the small town of Central point, Virginia. They were family friends who had dated each other since he was seventeen and she a teenager. When they learned that marriage was illegal for them in Virginia, they simply drove over the Washington, D.C. for the ceremony. They returned to Virginia and were arrested the following month for violating the anti-miscegenation statute, which was declaredRead MoreThe Strange Career Of Jim Crow By C. 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How Exercise Can Improve Your Mental Health - 994 Words

There has always been a constant obsession with weight loss. Every one wants the perfect body and wants to achieve it the fastest way possible. But what is the best solution to accomplish or goal? Exercise is the main focus to everything; since the body is like a complex machine that needs to be treated to physical activity, so that the body does not run into health complications. The benefits of exercise can improve your mental health, heart and weight and of course give you a longer life. There are many forms of exercise, which can help you deal with everyday challenges like stress, prevent dementia, help with memory and make you happy. Exercises such as aerobics and yoga are two that can stimulate the mind and help create endorphins, feel good chemicals in the brain. They also help to reduce the hormones of stress such as adrenaline and cortisol (WebMD). Walking can also help you improve your memory. 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A Guide to Duke Supplemental Essay Samples

A Guide to Duke Supplemental Essay Samples When there's something about Duke's campus or culture that genuinely stands out to you, now's the time to speak about doing it. The journey might not be simple, but the aim is attainable. Duke would like to realize that you're able to write clearly and concisely and can adhere to all the required grammar conventions. A Secret Weapon for Duke Supplemental Essay Samples 1 person's cliched existence might be someone else's unique perspectiveyou never understand who's going to read your application. So there should be a feeling of your past, in addition to of your vision for your future, together with a very good comprehension of Penn, all rolled into one essay. There are a lot of more things which make Duke unique. Fifty words isn't a great deal of words. It's possible to use it in order to discuss why Duke, as there's no other place to achieve that. The most dependable means to spot ideal topics is reflection. It can be inviting to respond to everything on the application and should you have a significant story to tell, you definitely should. Applications won't be complete, and so can't be processed, until all essential documents have arrived at CUNY. Here's What I Know About Duke Supplemental Essay Samples Most college counselors will say to select an answer that differentiates yourself from different applicants, but it's really hard to balance writing an essay that provides original reasons for liking a school whilst staying true to your private voice. You can achieve this by researching specific truth about the university and its community. You are able to even offer certain examples of how you are going to lead to the campus. Any extensive university offers a range of subjects and assists students to grow. The Hidden Tre asure of Duke Supplemental Essay Samples You should don't hesitate to speak about aspects of your identity that may not be obvious from your application. The activity you decide on ought to be informal and unique to you. Within the body, you have to have three to four ideas. To be sure you've highlighted all you need to about yourself in your application. Luckily, there are numerous colleges that either don't need a supplement or give the option of an optional supplement. Thus, you also need to tailor your response to the schools you're applying to so as to demonstrate decent fit. A couple of universities are going to have few questions for you to list out your favourite film, book, site, role model, etc. While analyzing the idea of business ethics it's important to recognize that businesses want to balance their very own company gains and potential long-term benefits from ethical decision making. It is simple to write GMAT essay in case you have a guide and you've completed a good researched. An essay could possibly be attached even if there isn't such a space. Your essays have to be your work. If you understand what you will create GMAT essay, be sure you search the net and read more books. The readers wish to read an essay that's absolutely free from any mistakes so it will be simple to comprehend. If you would like your Duke essays to stand out and help you become admitted, follow these strategies! If this is the case, you'll want to submit strong Duke essays as a piece of your application. If this is the case, you'll want to compose amazing Columbia essays as a piece of your application. Your Columbia essays cover a great deal of ground! More than having the ability to answer the essay prompts, it's essential to ensure you're applying to the correct school for you. If you get a crystal clear essay, readers will understand easily what you would like to tell. Read the brief essay, and then a critique highlighting a number of the mistakes created by the author. The Common Application's individual essay enables a student to compose a single essay for several colleges. After you've answered a number of those questions, you ought to be in a position to easily craft a supplemental essay response. These questions often bring about bland, unremarkable essays, like the example below.

Marketing Ideas Understanding and Listening Audience

Question: Describe about the Marketing Ideas for Understanding and Listening Audience. Answer: 1. When analyzing ideas for communications to others, we should keep many things in mind so that a good speech can be delivered and transferred to our audience. Communication is not only depends on how we speak but also the postures, gestures, pitch, voice, etc. (Sen, 2014) A. Key themes, messages and positions to aid in clarity of thought and presentation Slowdown- This is the first and foremost need to speak in a speed that is audible to the audience. Slower speaking helps in clear understanding and listening to the audience. Breathe- The speaker should breathe in the chest instead of the lower abdomen. It is advisable to not to take deep breathes. Concentrates on postures- The way speaker sits and stands affect the speech. It is advisable to sit or stand straight that reflects the confidence of the speaker. Hydrate- At the time of speech, it is relevant to keep your throat hydrated and moisture as it helps in clear and loud voice. It is advisable to drink more water. Concentrate on the pitch- It is advisable to use the right vocal pitch as it helps to deliver better communication. Yelling must be avoided- Yelling is the worst posture at the time of communication as it strains the concentration of listener. B. Different ways of communicating ideas for different purposes and to different people. Think about the occasion- It is very relevant to understand the situation and place where communication is taking place. The level of formal and informal communication is also being remembered (Scott, 2016). Goals must be identified- It is important to identify the purpose due to which interacting is taking place. Indentify the audience- There are three points that must be remembered. They are- Relationship with the audience Acknowledge variations with the personalities An analysis must be conducted on audience Methods of the communication- During meetings manage to share the ideas and thoughts. At the time of speech, try to speak alone. At the time of social media, be relaxed and calm. During Written conversations be choosy while typing or writing C. The enabling skills and attributes of individuals who cans effectively participate in discussions about ideas are The first requirement is of good communications skills that can be written or oral. An effective participator must be confident and respectful. It is said that he must be organized and manage things on his own behalf. He should have a sense of integrity and honesty. The effective speakers always try to make positive influence on others. He should have understanding of delegation and act as a facilitator (Dubberly, and Pangaro, 2009). 2: When provoking a response and a reaction, we should have to keep many things in the mind. A. Different techniques to engage, fascinate and involve others in the process of communication and exchange Plan an interactive sessions so that the audience seek interest. Ask them to introduce and participate and ask some burning questions so that their interest can be created. Focus on the benefits of audience, ask them questions, avoidance of jokes, ask the listeners to answer the questions and explains the points. A speaker can also use stories and illustrations for effective learning. Give small breaks and ask them to play games and exercises. In this way, effective speakers involve the audience in the communication process (Jackson, 2016). B. The ways that story telling can be used to communicate ideas To narrate a story to an audience is not a difficult task yet carries some risk. Before delivering any story, it is important to connect each and every part of the story. The study must have some morale and help the listeners to connect themselves with the story. Sometimes, notes can help to narrate a beautiful story narration. It is important to act while story telling because audience can feel the depth of the speaker for the story (Llopis, 2013). C. Innovative approaches to different communication challenges There are two ways through which an innovation can be experienced while communication. It can be info graphics and trough development of a media strategy. Info graphics refers the use of pictures while explaining any topic. Media strategy refers to use of technology while delivering the speech (Meriwether, 2013). D. Be prepared to take risks in the way ideas are presented It becomes important for the speaker to take risk while delivering nay speech. He is the one who make the audience informed about the information and data. The speaker should be confident while interacting with the audience. This shows the truthiness of the speaker. E. Specific ways to provoke and encourage response in particular individuals or groups First of all, the beginning of the lecture or speech must start with an impactful introduction of welcome speech. It can be in a form of question answers session. That will help to pull the concentration of the audience. It is very important for the speaker to create an environment that encourages listeners to actively participate in the interactions. it can be done through conversational tone, body languages, eye contact, inviting them to manage the challenges, asking question while interactions, etc. An interaction can become effective when a speaker asks lots of questions, it help to manage the concentration and interest of listeners towards the speaker. After delivering any major points there is a need of break so that it can be understood by each individual. The speaker can use pictures, graphs, charts, small exercises, etc. to pull up the interest and to make better understanding of the listeners. 3. When debating and discussing ideas, we should present and argue substantiated positions on ideas because it helps to lat the opposition party knows about the information that is delivered to them. In this way, we can explain the points that are need to be delivered. It is very important to deliver the right facts and figures while delivering and debate. The opposition can take advantage form the false information and let you suffer for the false representation of information (Moran, 2014). Be open to critical analysis of own ideas and to the ideas of others. Critical thinking acts as a factual description of the information. It helps o make the audience believe and trust the speaker. As we know that critical thinking comprises of the facts and figures that help the speaker to interact in a logical way to the audience. These types of techniques are very relevant in debates and discussions as they help to prove the points mentioned by the speaker. It is a type of analytical study in which many types of charts, figures, pictures, tables, etc are involved. If a speaker has done a critical analysis of his ideas then his confidence level will be doubled as he knows about the reaction of audience for his particular information (Chibana, 2015). Conversations that challenge and explore different concepts and approaches and generate new ideas are very important for speakers. It helps to develop the thinking of the speakers as well as of learners. New ideas can be generated when there is an innovation in the thinking practice of the speakers takes place. There are various types of approaches and methods that help the speaker to create new ideas while doing any conversation. There must be proper process of conversation, an offer of conversation, limits of the conversation, types of participants, etc. must be there (Epstein, 2014). Respond to questions about ideas with confidence and relevant information is very necessary. A speaker should be confident and rely on what he is saying and answering. He should use logical comments and practices that help him to prove the statement true that are delivered by him. Confidence is a key factor that shows the quality of the conversation takes place. An idea can be refined by upgrading the knowledge and seeking new and positive knowledge. The effectiveness of the idea can be achieved only when it is implemented. So the implementation of ideas is more important. It can be enhanced by critical thinking and logical studies that can help the speaker to deliver his or her ideas in the most prominent way. Embracement of ideas refers to proper implementation of ideas while making them relevant to others also. The speakers should also consider the views and ideas of others. It helps him to create a bond and understanding with the listeners (Anderson, 2011). References Anderson, G., 2011. 20 great ways to engage and involve your audience, [Online], Accessed on: 24 November 2016, Available at: https://managementhelp.org/blogs/communications/2011/01/02/20-great-ways-to-engage-and-involve-your-audience/ Chibana, N., 2015. 7 storytelling techniques used by the most inspiring TED presenters, [Online], Accessed on: 24 November 2016, Available at: https://blog.visme.co/7-storytelling-techniques-used-by-the-most-inspiring-ted-presenters/ Dubberly, H., and Pangaro, P., 2009. What is conversation? How can we design for effective conversation?, [Online], Accessed on: 24 November 2016, Available at: https://www.dubberly.com/articles/what-is-conversation.html Epstein, E., 2014, 9 innovative methods for modern storytelling, [Online], Accessed on: 24 November 2016, Available at: https://mashable.com/2014/07/01/rewriting-storytelling/#kIWbvz.oikq9 Jackson, M., 2016. How to communicate to a diverse Audience, [Online], and Accessed on: 24 November 2016, Available at: https://mitchjackson.com/diverse-audience/ Llopis, G., 2013. The 12 things that successfully convert a great idea a reality, [Online], and accessed on: 24 November 2016, Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/glennllopis/2013/04/01/12-things-successfully-convert-a-great-idea-into-a-reality/#3c387382659f Meriwether, D., 2013. Why is story telling considered the most powerful way to communicate?, [Online], Accessed on: 24 November 2016, Available at: https://www.quora.com/Why-is-storytelling-considered-the-most-powerful-way-to-communicate Moran, G., 2014. 6 simple ways to improve the way you speak, [Online], Accessed on: 24 November 2016, Available at: https://www.fastcompany.com/3035634/how-to-be-a-success-at-everything/6-simple-ways-to-improve-the-way-you-speak. Scott, S., 2016. The 10 effective qualities of team leader, [Online], Accessed on: 24 November 2016, Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/10-effective-qualities-team-leader-23281.html Sen, A., 2014. Innovative approaches to communicating research, [Online], Accessed on: 24 November 2016, Available at: https://www.researchtoaction.org/2014/09/cstep-innovative-approaches-communicating-research-story/

Effective Changes of Age Care Company †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Effective Changes of Age Care Company. Answer: Introduction This report reflects the key understanding on the changes in the business organizations which are implemented by the managerial persons with a view to provide best possible care services. Changes and adaption with the organizational and environmental factors are the key intents for the business success. Age Care Company has a vision and mission to provide best care services to senior citizen and other needy people around the globe. However, by adopting enterprises resources planning in its process system, company made effective changes and provide best possible care services. After that, study has been prepared to evaluate the changes and implication of changing strategies of companies with a view to adapt the changes in the process channel by all the staff members in dealing with the manual paper work. Afterward, an effective conclusion has been drawn to put emphasis upon how change adaption of organizational procedure could result to betterment of organization. Present view of organizations Age Care Company has been dedicating to create vibrant communities that celebrates aging and support with dignity Vision Company wants to develop special places and service system in which warm and welcome facilities and other look after services are provided to clients in effective manner. Mission Age care company deliver best quality services and products to its customers around the globe by making effective changes in its value chain activities through creation and innovative strategies with the courteous staffs. Industry specification Age Care Company has been running its business in hospitality industry in which care and quality of services are the major concern for the satisfaction of clients. Forces for changes There are several environmental and economic factors which have forced Age care company to implement change in the value chain activities of organizations such as increasing demand of clients for the best quality services, reducing the hard work of employees by installing electronic method and overcome the paper work problems, establishment of automation in communication and other activities, reducing the overall cost and increasing the quality of services and products in determined approach. These are the very important factors which should be considered by Age care services if it wants to take its business in long run for the sustainable basis. In addition to this, Clients are the prime concern for the company, therefore, value chain activities of company should be changed as per the clients needs and demand in the market by adopting electronic system and cyber supporting process channels (Burke, 2017). Analysis of changes or development in Age Care Company It is observed that company had been facing various problems while delivering products and services as per the clients expectation. With the increasing ramification of economic changes and clients changing demands and needs, Age care company had to adopt enterprises resources planning in its value chain activities with a view to increase the overall quality of goods and services offered to customers and establish proper communication channel with clients and vendors. This newly introduced process establish an online portal and working channel which is used by clients to check and examine the products and services offered by company online (THOMSON, SINGH, 2013). After that by using secure payment options they could easily buy any goods and services they choose from the online available portal (Anderson, et al, 2013). This automation also helps employees to directly communicate with the vendors which will reduce the blockage of funds in holding excess stock and prepare easy and determ ined communication channel. However, adoption of enterprises resources planning firstly in process system had helped Age Care Company to distinguish its business from those of others in market. As per the perception of Elsner, 2013, changes are the necessary for the sustainability of business and provide the effective satisfaction to clients. It is observed that with the changes in economic factors clients are more inclined towards new and innovative products and services. If they do not get what they desire form the company then eventually, it will hamper the sales turnover of company and decrease the overall market share. Therefore, each and every organizations should invest money in their research and development department so that timely innovation and creative strategic plans and process system could be useful to create core competency in the market. Core competency could be defined as method to grab the market share by applying innovative and creative business strategies which cannot be copied by others in the market. This helps organizations products and services distinguish from those of others (Cummings and Worley, 2014). However, the changes in the value chain activities of Age care company has resulted to following benefits such as reduction in overall cost of productions, blockage of funds to keep the minimum stock in the process system, cyber security system connectivity for clients and employees and establishment of online buying and selling portal for the clients and vendors at large. This newly installed enterprises planning has helped company to increase the efficiency of company and establish an effective communication channel for employees, vendors and clients. However employees could reduce the paper work and this online portal will surely increase the effectiveness of work through online portal. (Gattorna, 2015). Assessment of changes Age care company had been facing various business problems in care services providing business to its clients due to tough competition. Therefore, with a view to increase its business efficiency and productivity, company had to install enterprises resources planning system in its value chain activities. This has helped company to establish automation in its various process and establish an effective communication method for employees, vendors and management department and clients (Samuel, 2015). Scope of change This change will require proper level of training and development program for employees so that they could adapt with the changes and advanced technical machines for the betterment of organizations. All the employees will have to indulge in taking proper learning classes and technologies system. Management department will be responsible for determining the impact of this new change and identifying the cost involved and benefits occurred for the organization at large (Anderson, 2016). Number of employees impacted Age Care Company after implementing enterprises resources planning in its value chain activities will eliminate all the manual work and establish automation in all the working activities. Therefore, those employees who are less inclined towards new change will leave the office. In addition to this, if proper level of training and development session is not conduced then it will hamper the productivity and efficiency of business. However, these changes will motivate employees to learn new things and technique which will make them more employable and effective for the business (Sullivan and Gouldson, 2017). Type of change Age Care Company has to eliminate all the manual process system. Company had to install various machines and computers in its value chain activities. For instance, at the selling desk of Age Care Company, all the cash and encrypted transactions take place through online portal. This will not only increase the overall effectiveness but also increase the overall cost of production in initial time period. In addition to this, Age Care Company had to establish proper training and development program for employee to increase their skill set to adapt with the changes. It is also observed that Age Care Company had to make strategic alliance with the other IT Company so that all the technical errors and problems could be managed in easy and determined approach (Fang, Kosev, and Wakeling, 2014). Level of change This implemented change in the business functioning of Age Care Company had been done in all the process department including managerial as well (Chen, Chiang and Storey 2012). This will provide a clear assessment on the process system of the company by the managerial department person. This level of changes had increased the overall productions and efficiency of business in determined approach. Nonetheless, adoption of enterprises resources planning in the value chain activities of Age Care Company has increased one more process channel. IT department will work as separate process channel in the business hierarchy of the company (Deshmukh and Mohan, 2014). Conclusion In this report, it has been observed that if company wants to run it business on sustainable basis then it should implement proper level of innovative and creative change in its business functioning. Changes and adaption of the same with the organizational and environmental factors are the key intents for the business success. Now in the end it could be inferred that changes made in the organization should be creative and innovative which is hard to copy for others. Employees should be motivated towards changes for the effective sustainable future of organizations. References Anderson, D.L., 2016.Organization development: The process of leading organizational change. Sage Publications. Burke, W.W., 2017.Organization change: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Cummings, T.G. and Worley, C.G., 2014.Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Deshmukh, A.K. and Mohan, A., 2014, December. AN INTERPRETIVE STRUCTURAL MODELING APPROACH TO DEMAND CHAIN MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN RETAILING. InPAST CONFERENCES. Elsner, S., 2013.Retail internationalization: Analysis of market entry modes, format transfer and coordination of retail activities. Springer Science Business Media. Fang, A., Kosev, M. and Wakeling, D., 2014. TRENDS IN Australian corporate financing.JASSA, (4), p.22. Gattorna, J., 2015.Dynamic Supply Chains: How to design, build and manage people-centric value networks. FT Press. Samuel, G., 2015. Response to AER Draft Decision. Sullivan, R. and Gouldson, A., 2017. The governance of corporate responses to climate change: an international comparison.Business Strategy and the Environment,26(4), pp.413-425. THOMSON, D. and SINGH, M., 2013. B2B EXCHANGESAN AUSTRALIAN.Seeking Success in E-Business: A Multidisciplinary Approach,123, p.461. Chen H., Chiang R.H. and Storey V.C., 2012. Business Intelligence and Analytics: From Big Data to Big Impact.MIS quarterly,36(4), pp.1165-1188. [Electronic version - https://hmchen.shidler.hawaii.edu/Chen_big_data_MISQ_2012.pdf] Anderson, E.W., Wipfel, R. and Golan, J., Novell, Inc., 2013.System and method for recording collaborative information technology processes in an intelligent workload management system. U.S. Patent 8,543,916. [Electronic version - https://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2011/0126099.html

Contract Law Engaging in Contracts

Question: Assignment on the basic principles of Contract Law . - Apply their knowledge in daily situations where this area of law comes into play - Make informed decisions in respect of matters covered in the topics of the course, such as engaging in contracts - Recognise and identify the need for professional advice where necessary. Answer: 1. There are several ways in which an offer can be terminated. These are the events that take place after one party has made an offer to the other party but due to these events, the offer comes to an end and as a result, it cannot be accepted by the opposite party any more. Some of the ways of terminating an offer include revocation, rejection, counter-offer, lapse of time, operation of law or death. Revocation: An offer can come to an end as a result of revocation of the offer. In this regard, revocation can be described as a situation where the offer is withdrawn by the opposite party. The general rule related with the revocation of offer was provided by the court in Payne v Cave when it stated that offeror can revoke before it has been accepted by the opposite party. But in such a case, the revocation of the offer should be effectively communicated directly or indirectly to the other party before the offer has been accepted (Atiyah, 2000). This position was further strengthened in Byrne v Van Tienhoven (1880) where the court stated that the withdrawal of the offer that was directed by telegram was considered to be communicated simply when such telegram was received by the other party. However in Dickinson v Dodds (1876), the court said that sufficient communication regarding the withdrawal of offer can also be made through a third-party. Rejection: an offer is also considered to have been terminated when the party to whom the offer was made, communicates its rejection of the offer to the party making the offer. In this way, the law provides that when the offeree has made a counter-offer or has introduced new conditions, the consequence is the rejection of the offer and as a result, the original offer cannot be accepted later on (Beatson, Burrows and Cartwright, 2010). For example in Hyde v Wrench (1840), it was mentioned that the consequence of the counter-offer made by the offeree is that the original offer is terminated. 2 (a) In the present case, a valid and enforceable contract has not been created between Kaira and her aunt due to the lack of consideration. (b) according to law contract, there are certain elements that should be present in a contract to make it valid and legally enforceable. Among these elements is the element of consideration. The law of contract provides that in order to make the agreement binding, the promisee should provide some kind of consideration the return of the comments received by them. The result of this requirement is that generally the gratuitous promises are not considered as being the enforceable. In the same way, the law provides that a past consideration is not valid. Hence, the consideration is required to be existing either with or after the promise (Collins, 2003). On the other hand, when the specified consideration pre-dates the promise, it will be considered as a past consideration and therefore not a good consideration. But certain exceptions are there to the general rule. As a result, the past consideration can be considered as a good consideration if it has been provided at the request of the promisor or if an understanding was present between the parties that such an act will be remunerated or if the promise took place in advance of the act, it would have been legally enforceable (McKendrick, 2009). On the other hand, in the present case Kaira had washed and polished her aunt's car in order to surprise and therefore the act was not done at the request of her aunt. Moreover, there was no understanding between them that they will be remunerated. Therefore in the present case even if Kaira had purchased necessary warm clothes for the trip to Disneyland, the promise made by Kaira's aunt is not legally enforceable. Furthermore, in case of domestic agreements, there is a rebuttable presumption that did not have the intention of creating a legal relationship. Therefore, Kaira is also required to establish that they had the intention of creating a legal relationship. 3.(a) The price tag of $30.00 has been mistakenly placed on the set of pearls. Moreover, the price tag cannot be considered as an offer but it was only an invitation to treat. (b) In the present case, the shopkeeper can refuse to sell the pearls set to Hari at the mistaken price of $30. The reason is that the fact that the set of pearls had been displayed in a showcase along with a price tag does not amount to an offer but it is just an invitation to treat. The distinction between the two is that when an offer is accepted it forms a contract between the parties, an invitation to treat is merely made with a view to invite offers from the other party. As a result, an invitation to treat cannot be accepted for the purpose of creating a legally enforceable contract (Peel and Treitel, 2011). In Pharmaceutical Society of Britain v Boots (1953), the court stated that the display of a product in a store along with its price is not sufficient for being considered as an offer but it is merely an invitation to treat. Similarly in Fisher v Bell (1961), it was stated that displaying a flick knife in the shop did not contravene the law according to which, offering such offensive weapon for sale was prohibited. In the same way if any item has been mistakenly displayed by a shop at a very low price, the shop is not under an obligation to sell the item at that price. 4.(a) As mentioned above, there are certain elements that should be present for making an agreement enforceable by the law. Among these elements, the first requirement is that of an offer. Therefore in order to make an agreement the enforceable, a party should make an offer to the other party. There is no particular form required for making an offer. Consequently, when Tom asked Jerry if he will be interested in purchasing his car, he had made an offer to Jerry. (b) In the present case, Jerry was under the impression that Tom wanted to sell the SLK280 because he had always seen Tom drive this car. Under the circumstances, he believed that when Tom made an offer to sell his car, he must have been talking regarding his Mercedes-Benz car. Therefore the issue deals with mistakes under the contract law. Under the contract law, mistake is a complicated field. However the general rule mentions that in case the party is mistaken regarding particular aspect, it will not allow such party to discharge its responsibilities under the contract, even in the mistake is a basic one. However, remedies and will be provided under the contract law only in case of four types of mistakes under limited circumstances. These are common mistake, mutual mistake, unilateral mistake and non est factum. Therefore in the present case while Jerry believed that when Tom was talking about selling his car, he must have been talking about his Mercedes-Benz car as he had never s een Tom drive these are the car, the Lexus S250MR. But in this regard it needs to be noted that as both the cars belong to Tom, he was also correct when he stated that he was willing to sell his car thereby meaning the Lexus S250MR. Under the circumstances, it is clear that Jerry was under a mistake when he believed that Tom was talking about his Mercedes-Benz car. (c) In the present case, the validity of the contract between Jerry and Tom has been affected as a result of the mistake made by them. As mentioned above, under the contract law there are three types of mistakes that are recognized by the courts. These are common mistake, unilateral mistake and mutual mistake. When both the parties have made the same mistake, it is called the common mistake. Mutual mistake takes place when the parties are at cross purposes and in case of a unilateral mistake, only one party is mistaken. However when a finding is made by the court regarding the presence of a mistake in the contract, generally the effect will be that the contract will be rendered void ab initio. In this way, it is considered that a contract never existed between the parties. This position is significantly different from the voidable contracts. In case of a voidable contract, the contract is valid until the innocent party has taken action to set aside the contract. For example, in the present case it appears that Jerry and Tom had made a mutual mistake. In such a case, the parties are at cross purposes. In the present case also, while Jerry wanted to purchase the Mercedes-Benz car, Tom believed that he was going to sell his Lexus. In such a case, an objective test is applied by the courts for the purpose of seeing if the contract can be saved. In this context, it is considered in any other reasonable person, keeping in view the negotiations between the parties, would have understood the contract to have a single meaning. If the answer is in the affirmative the contract is considered as valid regarding that meaning. On the other hand if any other reasonable person would also fail to decide the meaning of the contract, in such a case the contract will be considered as void on the grounds of mistake. In the present case also, the contract between Jerry and Tom is void and therefore, the law considers that there was never a contract between Jerry a nd Tom. References Atiyah, P.S. 2000 An Introduction to the Law of Contract, Clarendon Beatson, J. Burrows A. and Cartwright, J. 2010 Anson's Law of Contract, 29th edn OUP Collins, H. 2003, Contract Law in Context 4th edn CUP McKendrick, E. 2009 Contract Law 8th edn Palgrave Peel E and Treitel, G.H. 2011, Treitel on the Law of Contract, 13th edn Sweet and Maxwell Case Law Byrne Co v Leon Van Tien Hoven Co [1880] 5 CPD 344 Dickinson v Dodds (1876) 2 Ch D 463 Fisher v Bell [1961] 1 QB 394 Hyde v Wrench [1840] EWHC Ch J90 Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Boots Cash Chemists (Southern) Ltd [1953] EWCA Civ